The MTV Shuga evaluation is a 3-year project focusing on the evaluation of the MTV Shuga media campaign specifically, the South African TV series Down South, season 2 (DS2). The primary objectives of the mixed methods evaluation were to examine the effect of DS2 on young people’s knowledge of HIV status, and if and how the campaign influenced awareness, demand and use of HIV Self Screening and PrEP among young people in the Eastern Cape of South Africa
The evaluation was carried out by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine in the UK in collaboration with Epicentre Health Research in South Africa. The study was sponsored by UNITAID and The MTV Staying Alive Foundation.
Tremendous progress against HIV/AIDS over the last 15 years has inspired a global commitment to end the epidemic by 2030. However, globally, progress made in improving knowledge of HIV status was lower than progress in other areas of the cascade, with gaps in knowledge of HIV status often largest among young people. Closing those gaps requires that a higher priority be placed on interventions to improve knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention, comprehensive prevention services and HIV testing, in particular among young people. Long distances to testing facilities, long queues to access services and fear of stigma and discrimination act as barriers to HIV testing, especially among young people. HIV self-screening (HIVSS) can play an important role in addressing these barriers and in achieving the first 90 target by moving the locus of testing from health facilities to community settings and providing a discreet and convenient way to screen for HIV. Set in South Africa, the MTV Shuga “Down South season 2” multi-media campaign, broadcast in 2019 and 2020, aimed to raise awareness of and create demand for HIVSS, as well as PrEP and other prevention strategies, among young audiences under age 25 years.
MTV Shuga Intervention
MTV SAF’s mission is to “equip young people with the knowledge, confidence and resources to make informed choices about their sexual and reproductive health and avert HIV”. In 2009, MTV SAF launched the first season of MTV Shuga, an award-winning TV drama that blends HIV and sexual health messaging with entertaining stories to which young people can relate. There have been 9 seasons of MTV Shuga, produced in Kenya, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, and South Africa - the later being called MTV Shuga Down South.
MTV Shuga is centred on TV drama series portraying the lives of young Africans, and incorporates complementary media to increase engagement with broader audiences and populations underserved by TV. Additional elements based on the TV series include a radio drama, a graphic novel, digital and social media, and peer education. Utilising multiple media, a highly popular, youth-relevant brand, and relatable characters and storylines, it has experienced ever-increasing reach and popularity. The content is distributed license-cleared and cost-free to global broadcasters.
Set again in South Africa, MTV Shuga Down South season 2 targets young people with HIV prevention, HIVSS, PrEP and HIV treatment as predominant themes. The campaign focusses on the existence and benefits of HIVSS; shows the administration of an HIVSS kit on-screen; highlights the importance of follow-up testing and treatment following a positive diagnosis from HIVSS; PrEP, condoms and repeat testing for those testing negative. The aims of the MTV Shuga Down South 2 media campaign are to simultaneously raise awareness of and create demand for HIVSS, PrEP and other prevention strategies among young people aged 15-24 years, while steering audiences to HIV testing and prevention services.
Evaluation Design
The primary objective of the evaluation study is to assess the effect of the MTV Shuga, and its wrap-around multi-media campaign, on the proportion of young people who know their HIV status. The secondary objectives are to evaluate the effect of the campaign on awareness of, demand for, and use of HIVSS, and awareness of PrEP among young people.
To generate evidence for an effect of the campaign, we triangulated data collected approximately 12 months after the campaign’s initial television broadcast. We conducted an online, cross-sectional survey with a target sample size of at least 2,250 young males and females aged 15-24 years. A qualitative study nested within the survey of young people, comprised of telephone in-depth interviews (IDIs) and virtual focus group discussions with young people and parents/guardians, and participant filmed observations. Additionally, we reviewed routine data from HIVSS and PrEP distribution outlets. The study was conducted online in 2020, with a targeted focus on Mthatha, in the OR Tambo District, Eastern Cape. The data has been analysed, disseminated and applied to improve subsequent MTV Shuga campaigns and other multi-media and health promotion efforts targeting young people, particularly to help close the HIV testing gap.
Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, no face-to-face research methods were used. All methods were conducted via internet and phone platforms, to ensure the safety of all participants and researchers and to avoid contributing to transmission of SARS-Cov-2 in South Africa.
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
- Isolde Birdthistle is an Associate Professor of adolescent health and epidemiology and is the Co-PI of the MTV Shuga evaluation
- Simon Cousens is a Professor of epidemiology and medical statistics and is the Co-PI for the MTV Shuga Evaluation
- Sophie Sarrassat is an Assistant Professor at LSHTM, and an epidemiologist for the MTV Shuga evaluation.
- Sarah Mulwa is a Research Fellow and research degree student at LSHTM and a statistician for the MTV Shuga evaluation
- Venetia Baker is a Research Fellow at LSHTM and a qualitative researcher for the MTV Shuga evaluation
- Antonio Duran Aparicio is a Project Coordinator at LSHTM and oversees the financial and administrative components of the MTV Shuga evaluation
Epicentre Health Research
- Cherie Cawood is the CEO of Epicentre Health Research in KwaZulu-Natal and is the South African PI for the MTV Shuga evaluation
- David Khanyile is a Director at Epicentre Health Research and oversaw data collection and training for the MTV Shuga evaluation
- Dominique O’Donnell is a data collection designer at epicentre and managed the online questionnaire for the MTV Shuga evaluation
Find out more on the Epicentre Health Research website.
Funders
The evaluation is funded by the global health agency Unitaid and the MTV Staying Alive Foundation.
- Publications
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- Effects of a multimedia campaign on HIV self-testing and PrEP outcomes among young people in South Africa: a Wemixed-methods impact evaluation of 'MTV Shuga Down South'. Birdthistle I; Mulwa S; Sarrassat S; Baker V; Khanyile D; O'Donnell D; Cawood C; Cousens S. 2022 (BMJ global health)
- Young Adults' Responses to an African and US-Based COVID-19 Edutainment Miniseries: Real-Time Qualitative Analysis of Online Social Media Engagement. Baker V; Arnold G; Piot S; Thwala L; Glynn J; Hargreaves J; Birdthistle I. 2021 (JMIR Formative Research)
- It is guiding us to protect ourselves': a qualitative investigation into why young people engage with a mass-media HIV education campaign. Baker V; Mulwa S; Sarrassat S; Khanyile D; Cawood C; Cousens S; Birdthistle I. 2022 (Culture Health and Sexuality)
- Young people's access to sexual and reproductive health prevention services in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online questionarie. Baker V; Mulwa S; Khanyile D; Sarrassat S; O'Donnell D; Piot S; Diogo Y; Arnold G; Cousens S; Cawood C; Birdthistle I. 2023 (BMJ Paediatr Open)
- Posters
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- Does intensity of exposure to an edutainment programme matter for HIV prevention? Findings from an evaluation of MTV Shuga in Eastern Cape, South Africa. AIDS 20222
- “What the %*^! is PrEP?”: What social media engagement with MTV Shuga reveals about knowledge and attitudes to PrEP. HIV R4P 2021
- How can a TV drama about love, sex and growing up increase knowledge and shape the sexual health behaviors of young people? AIDS Impact 2017
- Webinars and videos
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- MTV Shuga Webinar with the MTV Staying Alive Foundation in October 2021
- MTV Shuga DS2 Evaluation findings
- News
- Art work of the self-filmed observations of young people watching MTV Shuga
- Tools and Topic Guides
- MTV Shuga media clips used to generate discussion in qualitative activities