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Dr Charles Cleland

Clinical Research Fellow in Training

United Kingdom

Jump to: Affiliations Teaching Research Publications

I am an ophthalmologist and clinical research fellow based at the International Centre for Eye Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Moorfields Eye Hospital.

My research interests are in blindness prevention and the application of new technologies to improve health care.

I was based in Tanzania (2022-2025) undertaking a PhD which implemented and evaluated the use of an artificial intelligence system to screen for diabetic retinopathy.

Prior to starting my clinical ophthalmology training in the UK, I was based in Tanzania from 2014-2016.

Affiliations
Department of Clinical Research
Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases

Teaching

I supervise MSc students and teach on the MSc Publich Health for Eye Care at LSHTM. 

Research
Research Area
Randomised controlled trials
Clinical trials
Health systems
Health technology assessment
Diagnostics
Disease and Health Conditions
Eye health
Non-communicable diseases
Country
Tanzania
Region
Sub-Saharan Africa (all income levels)

Selected Publications
Smartphone-Based Fundus Imaging in Global Eye Care: Closing the Gap.
Lechtenboehmer, R; CLELAND, CR; Malerbi, FK; Vaughan, N; Rajalakshmi, R; Young, BK; Pujari, A; Sharma, A; Murali, K; Campbell, J; Sivaprasad, S; Holz, FG; Finger, RP; Burton, MJ; Wintergerst, M;
2026
Progress in retinal and eye research
Addressing the African ophthalmic AI gap: towards equitable foundation models
Kitema, GF; Nderitu, P; Njoya, JM; Amissah-Arthur, KN; Niyonzima, JC; Mathenge, W; Condo, J; Mzurikwao, D; Arunga, S; Cleland, C; Gachago, M; Ngoy, NK; Tham, YC; Cheung, CY; Keane, PA; Okonkwo, ON; Achigbu, E; Adepoju, FG; Agbahounga, L; Ahmed, IS H; Akuffo, KO; Alemu, TA; Alice, N; Ambrose, O; Amissah-Arthur, KN; ... Zungu, T.
2026
The Lancet Regional Health - Africa
Will Artificial Intelligence Augment Global Health Inequalities?
CLELAND, CR; Tsang, K; Taylor, EH; Thirunavukarsu, A; Liu, X; Denniston, AK; ARUNGA, S; Mathenge, C; Bourne, R; MACLEOD, D; Bascaran, C; BURTON, MJ;
2026
NEJM AI
Head-to-Head Comparative Evaluation of Four Commercially Available Artificial Intelligence Systems for Detecting Referable Diabetic Retinopathy in a Tanzanian Population.
CLELAND, CR; Bascaran, C; Makupa, WU; Shilio, B; Tufail, A; Egan, C; Fajtl, J; Olvera-Barrios, A; Rudnicka, AR; Owen, CG; Wallis, C; Cartwright, E; BASTAWROUS, A; MACLEOD, D; BURTON, MJ;
2026
Diabetes care
Quality-of-Life and Utility Values Associated With Diabetic Retinopathy in Tanzania.
CLELAND, CR; Marques, AP; CAIRNS, J; Rwiza, J; Mumba, F; Makupa, WU; Bolter, L; MACLEOD, D; Bascaran, C; BURTON, MJ; LSHTM-KCMC Eye Health Group,;
2026
Value in health regional issues
Independent and openly reported head-to-head comparative validation studies of AI medical devices: a necessary step towards safe and responsible clinical AI deployment.
CLELAND, CR; Tufail, A; Egan, C; Liu, X; Denniston, AK; Rudnicka, A; Owen, CG; Bascaran, C; BURTON, MJ;
2025
The Lancet. Digital health
Building the world's first truly global medical foundation model.
Tham, YC; Goh, JH L; Nderitu, P; Zhou, Y; Ran, AR; Srinivasan, S; Yang, GD; Kitema, GF; Rawlinson, P; Jiang, H; Zou, K; Cheung, CY; Keane, PA; Global RETFound Consortium,;
2025
Nature medicine
Machine learning derived retinal pigment score from ophthalmic imaging shows ethnicity is not biology.
Rajesh, AE; Olvera-Barrios, A; Warwick, AN; Wu, Y; Stuart, KV; Biradar, MI; Ung, CY; Khawaja, AP; Luben, R; Foster, PJ; CLELAND, CR; Makupa, WU; Denniston, AK; BURTON, MJ; BASTAWROUS, A; Keane, PA; Chia, MA; Turner, AW; Lee, CS; Tufail, A; Lee, AY; Egan, C; UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium,;
2025
Nature communications
Implementing an artificial intelligence system into a diabetic eye screening programme in Tanzania.
CLELAND, CR; Makupa, WU; Shilio, BR; Rwiza, J; MACLEOD, D; BASCARAN, C; BURTON, MJ;
2024
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Integrated image-based deep learning and language models for primary diabetes care.
Li, J; Guan, Z; Wang, J; Cheung, CY; Zheng, Y; Lim, L-L; Lim, CC; Ruamviboonsuk, P; Raman, R; Corsino, L; Echouffo-Tcheugui, JB; Luk, AO Y; Chen, LJ; Sun, X; Hamzah, H; Wu, Q; Wang, X; Liu, R; Wang, YX; Chen, T; Zhang, X; Yang, X; Yin, J; Wan, J; Du, W; ... Wong, TY.
2024
Nature medicine
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Charles Cleland

Contact

United Kingdom