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BEYOND Cancer

Using Big Data to Identify Opportunities for Disease Prevention after Cancer.

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The BEYOND Cancer research group aims to understand the impact of the cancer diagnosis and treatments on the long-term physical and mental health of the growing numbers of cancer survivors in the population.

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About
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BEYOND Cancer About
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The BEYOND Cancer group, established in 2015, investigates the long-term physical and mental health outcomes of cancer survivors in the UK. With over 3 million cancer survivors in the UK alone and tens of millions worldwide, this population continues to grow as cancer survival improves.

A cancer diagnosis profoundly impacts an individual's life. Beyond the risk of recurrence or second cancers, survivors face various long-term health challenges. Many cancer therapies have known toxic side effects, and several newer treatments have been associated with increased long-term health risks. These impacts can be wide-ranging, affecting:

  • Cardiovascular health
  • Bone density
  • Kidney function
  • Immune system response
  • Respiratory health
  • Sexual and reproductive health

Currently, significant knowledge gaps exist regarding the magnitude of these risks, the relationship between specific treatments and later health outcomes, and which patient groups are most vulnerable to poor long-term health. Additionally, we have limited understanding of how a cancer diagnosis and/or treatment affects survivors' long-term quality of life and mental health in the UK.

Our primary research focus is therefore examining how cancer history and treatment influence both physical and mental health outcomes in the survivor population. We believe there are significant opportunities to prevent illness and mortality among cancer survivors through better risk identification and targeted prevention strategies. Our research aims to provide the evidence base needed to develop these interventions.

Our work is supported by grants from Wellcome, the Royal Society, Cancer Research UK, and the Medical Research Council.

Research
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Our previous research has mapped out a detailed picture of cardiovascular disease risks in cancer survivors, and we have shown how cancer survivorship affects a range of outcomes including fracture risks, poor mental health, risks of serious influenza, and overall quality of life (see Publications section).

Research questions we are currently investigating include:

  • How do anti-cancer treatments affect cardiovascular risk?
  • Do cancer survivors have poorer respiratory health than the general population?
  • How does a history of cancer affect immune function and infection risks?
  • Among younger women, what are the implications of a cancer diagnosis for later fertility and pregnancy outcomes?
  • How is cancer survivorship associated with kidney health?

We are also engaged in methodological research that supports our applied work, including research into the optimal use of matched cohort methods in electronic health records research, and how best to define diseases and treatments using routinely collected data.

Who we are
Profiles
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Professor Krishnan Bhaskaran

Krishnan
Bhaskaran

Professor of Statistical Epidemiology
Dr Helena Carreira

Helena
Carreira

Assistant Professor
Miss Kirsty Andresen

Kirsty
Andresen

Research Fellow
Miss Harriet Forbes

Harriet
Forbes

Assistant Professor

Matthew
Hazell

Research Student - MPhil/PhD - Epidemiology & Population Health

William
Wilson

Research Student - MPhil/PhD - Epidemiology & Population Health
Mr Shamsudeen Mohammed

Shamsudeen
Mohammed

Research Fellow
PPIE
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Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE)

We believe that research is strongest when shaped by the people it is designed to benefit. Our PPIE approach is guided by the principle that patients and caregivers should be meaningfully involved at every stage, from shaping the research questions to contributing to study plans, reviewing materials, and interpreting results.

BEYOND Cancer group photo
Beyond Cancer PPIE workshop, January 2025

“I felt inspired not only by the research you do and the yet unfunded research, but by the stories of the other patient members. I felt like I was making a valuable contribution”

– Ali K, patient advocate

Our patient group was formed in spring 2024 through an open recruitment process. The group currently includes ten members with diverse experiences across cancers, ages, backgrounds, and locations. Members include both patients and caregivers, ranging from those new to PPIE to seasoned patient advocates, bringing a wide range of perspectives and expertise.

“Engaging with people affected by cancer has been a highlight of my PhD, inspiring my research and reminding me why this work matters”

- Matt H, PhD candidate

We hold regular PPIE workshops that bring together academic researchers, practicing GPs, patients, and caregivers. These sessions provide space for collaborative discussions grounded in the realities of healthcare, helping us integrate lived experience into our research methods. Outside of workshops, members play an active role in project teams and advisory panels, influencing decisions, ensuring our research remains relevant, and keeping our objectives closely connected to lived experience.

“I found it a very rewarding session. Openness and honesty on all sides enabled frank discussions and ensured that the patient voice was recognised”

– Ray G, patient advocate

We continuously evaluate the effectiveness of patient involvement in research to inform future activities and address gaps. Alongside this, we support and empower members to understand research methods and terminology and encourage wider involvement in research.

“Our discussions always give me new insights into the patient journey, and make me think about how we communicate what we do and don’t know about long term health after cancer.”

– Liza B, GP

This article was created with members of the Beyond Cancer PPIE group. 

Publications
Scientific Papers
Publications List
Mortality Outcomes in People with Lung Cancer with and without Type2 Diabetes: A Cohort Study in England
Igbinosa, E. G., B. Dharmasekara, J. K. Quint, S. Popat, K. Bhaskaran, D. Morganstein, and S. Cook
2025
Clin Epidemiol 17 (2025): 681-92
Long-Term Psychological and Neurological Outcomes among People with a History of Non-Malignant Meningioma in the Uk Biobank Cohort
Withrow, D. R., F. S. Al-Huda, H. Bulbeck, K. Bhaskaran, R. Grant, U. Ali, P. Pretorius, J. L. Oke, and B. D. Nicholson
2025
Neurooncol Adv 7, no. 1 (Jan-Dec 2025): vdaf105
Use of Anthracyclines and Trastuzumab for Breast Cancer in Women with and without a History of Cardiovascular Disease in Sweden: A National Cross-Sectional Study
Carreira, H., H. Strongman, M. Feychting, L. Hubbert, E. Hedayati, P. Bidulka, A. Matthews, and K. Bhaskaran
2025
Cardiooncology 11, no. 1 (Jun 20 2025): 56
Inequities in Statin Adherence for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Historical Cohort Study in English Primary Care
de La Harpe, R., R. Muzambi, K. Bhaskaran, S. Eastwood, and E. Herrett
2025
Eur J Prev Cardiol (Apr 18 2025)
Associations between Cancer Survivorship and Subsequent Respiratory Disease: A Systematic Literature Review
Andresen, K., H. Carreira, R. Jain, H. Forbes, E. Williamson, J. K. Quint, and K. Bhaskaran
2025
BMJ Open Respir Res 12, no. 1 (Jun 4 2025)
Association between Beta-Adrenoreceptor Agonists and Antagonists and Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Szmigiel, A., M. M. da Rocha, K. Browne, D. Morales, D. B. Olsen, C. Warren-Gash, I. Douglas, K. Bhaskaran, and H. Carreira
2025
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 34, no. 4 (Apr 2025): e70140
Potential Interactions between Digoxin and Direct Oral Anticoagulants: Application of Cohort & Novel Case-Crossover Designs
Wong, A. Y. S., C. Warren-Gash, K. Bhaskaran, C. Leyrat, A. Banerjee, L. Smeeth, and I. J. Douglas
2025
J Clin Epidemiol 181 (May 2025): 111709
Non-Cancer Risks among Female Breast Cancer Survivors: A Matched Cohort Study in Japan
Kawamura, C., K. Bhaskaran, T. Konishi, Y. Sagara, H. Bando, T. Shinozaki, S. Nojiri, M. Adomi, A. Y. S. Wong, N. Tamiya, and M. Iwagami
2025
Lancet Reg Health West Pac 56 (Mar 2025): 101519
Risk of fractures in half a million survivors of 20 cancers: a population-based matched cohort study using linked English electronic health records
Buzasi E, Carreira H, Funston G, Mansfield K, Forbes HJ, Strongman H, Bhaskaran K.
2024
Lancet Health Longevity 2024 5(3), e194-e203, doi: 10.1016/S2666-7568(23)00285-4
Core concepts in pharmacoepidemiology: quantitative bias analysis
Brown JP, Hunnicutt JN, Ali MS, Bhaskaran K, Christensen D, Cole A, Dedman D, Langan SM, Nitsch D, Rentsch CT, Galwey NW, Wing K, Douglas IJ
2024
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2024 doi 10.1002/pds.70026
Early, Medium and Long-Term Mental Health in Cancer Survivors Compared with Cancer-Free Comparators: Matched Cohort Study Using Linked Uk Electronic Health Records
Forbes, H., H. Carreira, G. Funston, K. Andresen, U. Bhatia, H. Strongman, E. Abrol, L. Bowen, C. Giles, and K. Bhaskaran
2024
EClinicalMedicine 76 (Oct 2024): 102826
Checklist and guidance on creating codelists for routinely collected health data research [version 2; peer review: 3 approved with reservations].
Matthewman J, Andresen K, Suffel A, Lin L, Schultze A, Tazare J, Bhaskaran K, Williamson E, Costello R, Quint J, Strongman H
2024
NIHR Open Res 2024, 4:20 doi: 10.3310/nihropenres.13550.2
Early, medium and long-term mental health in cancer survivors compared with cancer-free comparators: matched cohort study using linked UK electronic health records.
Forbes H, Carreira H, Funston G, Andresen K, Bhatia U, Strongman H, Abrol E, Bowen L, Giles C, Bhaskaran K
2024
eClinicalMedicine 2024 doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102826
Pooling of Primary Care Electronic Health Record (Ehr) Data on Huntington's Disease (Hd) and Cancer: Establishing Comparability of Two Large Uk Databases
Dedman, D., R. Williams, K. Bhaskaran, and I. J. Douglas
2024
BMJ Open 14, no. 2 (Feb 14 2024): e070258
Opensafely: A Platform for Analysing Electronic Health Records Designed for Reproducible Research
Nab, L., A. L. Schaffer, W. Hulme, N. J. DeVito, I. Dillingham, M. Wiedemann, C. D. Andrews, H. Curtis, L. Fisher, A. Green, J. Massey, C. E. Walters, R. Higgins, C. Cunningham, J. Morley, A. Mehrkar, L. Hart, S. Davy, D. Evans, G. Hickman, P. Inglesby, C. E. Morton, R. M. Smith, T. Ward, T. O'Dwyer, S. Maude, L. Bridges, B. F. C. Butler-Cole, C. L. Stables, P. Stokes, C. Bates, J. Cockburn, F. Hester, J. Parry, K. Bhaskaran, A. Schultze, C. T. Rentsch, R. Mathur, L. A. Tomlinson, E. J. Williamson, L. Smeeth, A. Walker, S. Bacon, B. MacKenna, and B. Goldacre
2024
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 33, no. 6 (Jun 2024): e5815
Quantifying Possible Bias in Clinical and Epidemiological Studies with Quantitative Bias Analysis: Common Approaches and Limitations
Brown, J. P., J. N. Hunnicutt, M. S. Ali, K. Bhaskaran, A. Cole, S. M. Langan, D. Nitsch, C. T. Rentsch, N. W. Galwey, K. Wing, and I. J. Douglas
2024
BMJ 385 (Apr 2 2024): e076365
Checklist and Guidance on Creating Codelists for Routinely Collected Health Data Research
Matthewman, J., K. Andresen, A. Suffel, L. Y. Lin, A. Schultze, J. Tazare, K. Bhaskaran, E. Williamson, R. Costello, J. Quint, and H. Strongman
2024
NIHR Open Res 4 (2024): 20
Estimating disease burden using national linked electronic health records: a study using an English population-based cohort. [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
Aldridge RW, Evans HER, Yavlinsky A, Moayyeri A, Bhaskaran K, Mathur R, Jordan KP, Croft P, Denaxas S, Shah AD, Blackburn RM, Moller H, Ng ESW, Hughes A, Fox S, Flowers J, Schmidt J, Hayward A, Gilbert R, Smeeth L, Hemingway H
2024
Wellcome Open Res 2024, 8:262 (https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19470.2)
Sex-Specific Risks for Cardiovascular Disease across the Glycaemic Spectrum: A Population-Based Cohort Study Using the Uk Biobank
Rentsch, C. T., V. Garfield, R. Mathur, S. V. Eastwood, L. Smeeth, N. Chaturvedi, and K. Bhaskaran
2023
Lancet Reg Health Eur 32 (Sep 2023): 100693
Should cancer history be a predictor in cardiovascular risk scores? Cohort study.
Strongman H, Herrett E, Jackson R, Sweeting M, Lyon A, Stanway S, Lawson C, Kadam U, Smeeth L, Bhaskaran K
2023
British Journal of General Practice, 2023; 73 (726): e34-e42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3399/BJGP.2022.0088
Ethnic Differences in Hypertension Management, Medication Use and Blood Pressure Control in Uk Primary Care, 2006-2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Eastwood, S. V., A. D. Hughes, L. Tomlinson, R. Mathur, L. Smeeth, K. Bhaskaran, and N. Chaturvedi.
2023
Lancet Reg Health Eur 25 (Feb 2023): 100557
Estimating Disease Burden Using National Linked Electronic Health Records: A Study Using an English Population-Based Cohort
Aldridge, R. W., H. E. R. Evans, A. Yavlinsky, A. Moayyeri, K. Bhaskaran, R. Mathur, K. P. Jordan, P. Croft, S. Denaxas, A. D. Shah, R. M. Blackburn, H. Moller, E. S. W. Ng, A. Hughes, S. Fox, J. Flowers, J. Schmidt, A. Hayward, R. Gilbert, L. Smeeth, and H. Hemingway
2023
Wellcome Open Res 8 (2023): 262
The risk of acute kidney injury in colorectal cancer survivors: an English population-based matched cohort study
Andresen K, Carreira H, Strongman H, McDonald HI, Benitez-Majano S, Mansfield KE, Nitsch D, Tomlinson LA, Bhaskaran K
2023
BMC Cancer. 2023 Sep 7;23(1):839. doi: 10.1186/s12885-023-11329-9.
Respiratory diseases in adult cancer survivors compared with the general population: a systematic review protocol
Andresen K, Carreira H, Harley M, Bhaskaran K
2022
BMJ Open. 2022 Nov 21;12(11):e066029. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066029.
Recording of patients’ mental health and quality of life-related outcomes in primary care: a cross-sectional study in the UK
Carreira H, Williams R, Dempsey H, Bhaskaran K
2022
BMJ Open 2022;12:e066949. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066949
Does cardiovascular mortality overtake cancer mortality during cancer survivorship? An English retrospective cohort study
Strongman H, Gadd S, Matthews AM, Mansfield KE, Stanway S, Lyon AR, dos-Santos-Silva I, Smeeth L, Bhaskaran K
2022
JACC Cardio-oncology 2022: 4(1): 113-123.
Are socio-economic inequalities in breast cancer survival explained by peri-diagnostic factors?
Woods L; Rachet B; Morris M; Bhaskaran K; Coleman MP
2021
BMC Cancer 2021, 485 (2021). doi: 10.1186/s12885-021-08087-x
Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases Among Older Breast Cancer Survivors in the United States: A Matched Cohort Study
Matthews AA, Peacock Hinton S, Stanway S, Lyon AR, Smeeth L, Bhaskaran K, Lund JL
2021
J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2021 Jan 5:1-10. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2020.7629
Associations between breast cancer survivorship and adverse mental health outcomes: A matched population-based cohort study in the United Kingdom
Carreira H, Williams R, Funston G, Stanway S, Bhaskaran K
2021
PLoS Med. 2021 Jan 7;18(1):e1003504. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003504
Prevalence of COVID-19-related risk factors and risk of severe influenza outcomes in cancer survivors: A matched cohort study using linked English electronic health records data
Carreira H, Strongman H, Peppa M, McDonald HI, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Stanway S, Smeeth L, Bhaskaran K
2020
EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Nov 30;29-30:100656. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100656
Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY
Williamson EJ, Walker A, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Evans D, Inglesby P, Cockburn J, McDonald HI, MacKenna B, Tomlinson L, Douglas IJ, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Wong AYS, Grieve R, Harrison D, Forbes H, Schultze A, Croker R, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Perera R, Evans SJW, Smeeth L, Goldacre B.
2020
Nature. 2020. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4
Endocrine therapy use and cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors
Matthews A, Hinton SP, Stanway S, Lyon A, Smeeth L, Lund JL, Bhaskaran K
2020
Heart. 2020 Nov 11;heartjnl-2020-317510. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317510.
Quality of life and mental health in breast cancer survivors compared with non-cancer controls: a study of patient-reported outcomes in the United Kingdom
Carreira H, Williams R, Dempsey H, Stanway S, Smeeth L, Bhaskaran K
2020
J Cancer Surviv. 2020 Oct 21. doi: 10.1007/s11764-020-00950-3
Risk of 16 cancers across the full glycemic spectrum: a population-based cohort study using the UK Biobank
Rentsch CT, Farmer RE, Eastwood SV, Mathur R, Garfield V, Farmaki A, Bhaskaran K, Chaturvedi N, Smeeth L
2020
BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2020 Aug;8(1):e001600. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001600
Association Between Atopic Eczema and Cancer in England and Denmark
Kathryn E Mansfield, Sigrún A J Schmidt, Bianka Darvalics, Amy Mulick, Katrina Abuabara, Angel Y S Wong, Henrik Toft Sørensen, Liam Smeeth, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Isabel Dos Santos Silva, Richard J Silverwood, Sinéad M Langan
2020
JAMA Dermatol. 2020 Jun 24;e201948. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.1948
Identification of mental health and quality of life outcomes in primary care databases in the UK: a systematic review
Helena Carreira, Rachael Williams, Helen Strongman, Krishnan Bhaskaran
2019
BMJ Open. 2019 Jul 2;9(7):e029227. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029227
Medium and long-term risks of specific cardiovascular diseases in survivors of 20 adult cancers: a population-based cohort study using multiple linked UK electronic health records databases.
Helen Strongman, H, Gadd S, Matthews A, Mansfield KE, Stanway S, Lyon AR, dos-Santos-Silva I, Smeeth L, Bhaskaran K.
2019
Lancet. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31674-5
Risk of dementia among postmenopausal breast cancer survivors treated with aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen: a cohort study using primary care data from the UK.
Bromley SE, Matthews A, Smeeth L, Stanway S, Bhaskaran K.
2019
J Cancer Survivorship 2019 13: 632. DOI: 10.1007/s11764-019-00782-w
Associations Between Breast Cancer Survivorship and Adverse Mental Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Carreira, H; Williams, R; Müller, M; Harewood, R; Stanway, S; Bhaskaran, K
2018
Journal of the National Cancer Institute. ISSN 0027-8874 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djy177
Acute Pericarditis and Cancer Risk: A Matched Cohort Study Using Linked UK Primary and Secondary Care Data
Søgaard, KK; Sørensen, HT; Smeeth, L; Bhaskaran, K
2018
Journal of the American Heart Association, 7 (16). e009428. ISSN 2047-9980 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.009428
Statin use in cancer survivors versus the general population: cohort study using primary care data from the UK clinical practice research datalink
Chidwick, K; Strongman, H; Matthews, A; Stanway, S; Lyon, AR; Smeeth, L; Bhaskaran, K
2018
BMC cancer, 18 (1). p. 1018. ISSN 1471-2407 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-018-4947-8
Long term adjuvant endocrine therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease in female breast cancer survivors: systematic review
Matthews, A; Stanway, S; Farmer, RE; Strongman, H; Thomas, S; Lyon, AR; Smeeth, L; Bhaskaran, K
2018
BMJ (Clinical research ed), 363. k3845. ISSN 0959-8138 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k3845
Adverse mental health outcomes in breast cancer survivors compared to women who did not have cancer: systematic review protocol
Carreira, H; Williams, R; Müller, M; Harewood, R; Bhaskaran, K
2017
Systematic reviews, 6 (1). p. 162. ISSN 2046-4053 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0551-2
Herpes zoster risk after 21 specific cancers: population-based case-control study
Hansson, E; Forbes, HJ; Langan, SM; Smeeth, L; Bhaskaran, K
2017
British journal of cancer, 116 (12). pp. 1643-1651. ISSN 0007-0920 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2017.124
Breast cancer recurrence after reoperation for surgical bleeding
Pedersen, RN; Bhaskaran, K; Heide-Jørgensen, U; Nørgaard, M; Christiansen, PM; Kroman, N; Sørensen, HT; Cronin-Fenton, DP
2017
The British journal of surgery. ISSN 0007-1323 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.10592
Pericarditis as a Marker of Occult Cancer and a Prognostic Factor for Cancer Mortality
Søgaard, KK; Farkas, DK; Ehrenstein, V; Bhaskaran, K; Bøtker, HE; Sørensen, HT
2017
Circulation. ISSN 0009-7322 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024041