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Miss Clara Macleod

Research Fellow

United Kingdom

I work as a Research Fellow in the Environmental Health Group, supporting three research studies: the Traitement Intégré de la Sous-Nutrition Aiguë (TISA) trial in northern Senegal, Urban Infant Foodscape (UIF) study in Kenya and Mozambique, and the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Everyone (W4E) trial in Malawi.

I also currently conduct research activities for the development of the upcoming guidelines on hand hygiene in community settings with the Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Health unit at the World Health Organization.

Prior to joining LSHTM, I worked on water quality monitoring and sanitation economics studies at Aquaya in Nairobi, Kenya. I hold a BSc in Environmental Science from the University of California, Davis, and a MSc in Public Health for Development from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

Affiliations

Department of Disease Control
Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases

Teaching

I am a facilitator for the Designing Public Health Programmes module and co-lead practicals for the WASH & Health module at LSHTM. I am also a tutor for the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene distance learning module.

I co-supervise MSc students at LSHTM.

Research

In collaboration with Action Contre la Faim, the TISA trial evaluates the effectiveness of adding a WASH kit to standard outpatient treatment of severe acute malnutrition on recovery rates among children under five. UIF is a multi-country study to identify food system-related risks for enteric infections among children from low-income urban areas of Nairobi, Kenya, and Maputo, Mozambique. The W4E trial assesses the impact of adding the Care Group model to Community-led Total Sanitation (CLTS) on sanitation coverage and hygiene behaviour at the household level in Chiradzulu District, Malawi.
Research Area
Environmental health
Public health
Child health
Sanitation
Water purification and treatment
Hygiene
Behaviour change
Disease control
Disease and Health Conditions
Diarrhoeal diseases
Malnutrition
Country
Malawi
Senegal
Mozambique
Kenya
Region
Sub-Saharan Africa (all income levels)

Selected Publications

WASH and learn: a scoping review of health, education and gender equity outcomes of school-based water, sanitation and hygiene in low-income and middle-income countries
BICK, S; DAVIES, K; Mwenge, M; MACLEOD, C; BRAUN, L; Chipungu, J; Chidziwisano, K; DREIBELBIS, R;
2025
BMJ global health
Hazard analysis and critical control points for foods consumed by children aged 6–24 months in Maputo, Mozambique
Manhiça, A; MACLEOD, C; Amade, M; Baduro, J; Guambe, M; Manganhe, Y; Moiane, I; Capitine, I; KNEE, J; Watson, J; Viegas, E; CUMMING, O;
2025
Center for Open Science
Effectiveness of domestic food hygiene interventions on the microbiological quality of child food and childhood diarrhoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Braun, L; MACLEOD, C; WELLS, J; Chipungu, J; Amon-Tanoh, MA; MacDougall, A; Opondo, C; Dreibelbis, R; Mahmud, ZH; Lanata, CF; ROSS, I; CUMMING, O;
2025
Center for Open Science
Behaviour change interventions to improve household sanitation and hygiene practices in urban settings: A systematic scoping review.
MACLEOD, C; DAVIES, K; Mwenge, MM; Chipungu, J; CUMMING, O; DREIBELBIS, R;
2025
International journal of hygiene and environmental health
The Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) for Everyone controlled before-and-after (CBA) trial: trial protocol and baseline results (Preprint)
Chidziwisano, K; Panulo, M; MACLEOD, C; VIGNERI, M; White, B; ROSS, I; Morse, T; DREIBELBIS, R;
2024
JMIR Publications Inc.
The Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) for Everyone intervention study: Protocol for a controlled before-and-after trial (Preprint)
Chidziwisano, K; Panulo, M; MACLEOD, C; VIGNERI, M; White, B; WELLS, J; ROSS, I; Morse, T; DREIBELBIS, R;
2024
JMIR Research Protocols
Implementing a pragmatic randomised controlled trial in a humanitarian setting: lessons learned from the TISA trial.
N'Diaye, DS; Frison, S; Ba, M; Lê, ML; Cabo, AE; Siroma, F; Devort, A; MACLEOD, C; Lapègue, J; Seye, M; Traoré, AB; Cerveau, T; Léger, D; Gallandat, K; Gnokane, Y; Brizuela, AV; Stern, S; BRAUN, L; CUMMING, O;
2024
Trials
Inclusion of persons living with disabilities in a district-wide sanitation programme: A cross-sectional study in rural Malawi.
DAVIES, K; Panulo, M; MACLEOD, C; WILBUR, J; Morse, T; Chidziwisano, K; DREIBELBIS, R;
2024
PLOS global public health
Household behaviour change interventions to improve sanitation and hygiene practices in urban settings: a scoping review
MACLEOD, C; Davies, K; Mwenge, M; Chipungu, J; CUMMING, O; DREIBELBIS, R;
2024
medRxiv
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