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Estimating causal effects of genetic risk variants for breast cancer using marker data from bilateral and familial cases.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2011;
pub_id |
22028405 |
pubmedid |
22028405 |
ISI |
300073300004 |
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author |
Dudbridge, F. ; Fletcher, O. ; Walker, K. ; Johnson, N. ; Orr, N. ; Dos Santos Silva, I. ; Peto, J. ; |
title |
Estimating causal effects of genetic risk variants for breast cancer using marker data from bilateral and familial cases. |
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Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev |
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1538-7755 |
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2011 |
abstract |
: BACKGROUND: Cases with a family history are enriched for genetic risk variants, and the power of association studies can be improved by selecting cases with a family history of disease. However in recent genome-wide association scans utilising familial sampling, the excess relative risk for familial cases is less than predicted when compared to unselected cases. This can be explained by incomplete linkage disequilibrium between the tested marker and the underlying causal variant.METHODS: We show that the allele frequency and effect size of the underlying causal variant can be estimated by combining marker data from studies that ascertain cases based on different family histories. This allows us to learn about the genetic architecture of a complex trait, without having identified any causal variants. We consider several validated common marker alleles for breast cancer, using our own study of high risk, predominantly bilateral cases, cases preferentially selected to have at least two affected first or second degree relatives, and published estimates of relative risk from standard case/control studies.RESULTS: To obtain realistic estimates and to accommodate some prior beliefs, we use Bayesian estimation to infer that the causal variants are probably common, with minor allele frequency >5%, and have small effects, with relative risk around 1.2.CONCLUSION: These results strongly support the common disease common variant hypothesis for these specific loci associated with breast cancer.Impact: Our results agree with recent assertions that synthetic associations of rare variants are unlikely to account for most associations seen in genome-wide studies. |
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WOS NEW |
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10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0719 |
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10 |
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author_address |
1Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. |
library |
1055-9965.EPI-11-0719
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0719
22028405
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created |
2011-10-28 11:20:13 |
modified |
2012-03-15 18:41:04 |
library |
<ArticleId IdType="pii">1055-9965.EPI-11-0719</ArticleId> <ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0719</ArticleId> <ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22028405</ArticleId> |
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