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Chronology of the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

 
1818 William Wilberforce and Zachary Macaulay launch appeal for 'relief of distressed seamen' in wake of Napoleonic wars.
1821 Wilberforce's Committee becomes the Seamen's Hospital Society (SHS) with a hospital ship, the Grampus, loaned by the Admiralty.
1831 The Grampus replaced by the larger Dreadnought; this name adopted for subsequent ships and finally for the Society's on-shore hospital buildings at Greenwich, established in 1870.
1866 Patrick Manson arrives in Formosa (Taiwan) as MO to Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs and learns of tropical diseases the hard way; 1871 transfers to Amoy.
1883 Manson settles in private practice in Hong Kong, joined in 1887 by James Cantlie; launch of Hong Kong's Medical College.
1889 Manson retires to Scotland.
1890 Opening of SHS's Branch Hospital at the Albert Dock.
1892 Manson appointed physician to the Albert Dock Hospital. With its incoming patients from Africa, India and the Far East suffering from tropical diseases, it attracts students keen to learn their diagnosis and treatment.
1894 Manson begins annual course of lectures to students at St George's Hospital.
1897 Manson appointed medical advisor to Colonial Office with access to Chamberlain and H J Read. Lectures at St George's Hospital 'On the necessity for special education in tropical medicine'. Read responds with memorandum.
1898 Cantlie and W J Ritchie Simpson found Journal of Tropical Medicine; Ronald Ross discovers bird malaria cycle. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine founded.
1898-1902 Malaria Committee of the Royal Society (C W Daniels, J W W Stephens and S R Christophers) report from India and West Africa.
1899 Opening of London School of Tropical Medicine (October)
1899-1910 Position of 'Superintendent' (Medical Tutor) revolving between D C Rees, Daniels and G C Low ('Director' in his last year).
1899-1900 G C Low, Thomas Bancroft and Manson establish passage of filarial larvae through salivary glands of mosquito into its proboscis.
1900 Low, Sambon and Terzi spend three months in mosquito proof hut in malarial Roman Campagna, proving epidemiological point: no mosquitoes between dusk and dawn, no malaria.
1902 First Royal Society Sleeping Sickness Commission begins work in Uganda. Ronald Ross awarded Nobel Prize for Medicine for his proof of the mosquito transmission of malaria.

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1903 Sir Francis Lovell appointed School's first Dean.
1905 Manson appoints first specialist lecturers (helminthology and protozoology); School admitted School of the University of London, Faculty of Medicine, in tropical medicine only; Robert Leiper establishes life-cycle of guinea worm at Accra.
1907 Formation of the (Royal) Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
1908 Sleeping Sickness Bureau established.
1911-1913 Short-lived Journal of The London School of Tropical Medicine.
1913 The Rockefeller Foundation's new International Health Board under Wickliffe Rose makes early contact with the School's helminthologists to consult on hookworm disease.
1913-1914 Leiper and E L Atkinson confirm Japanese results on life-cycle of Schistosoma species.
1914 C M Wenyon leaves School for Wellcome Bureau of Scientific Research in the Tropics; succeeded by John Gordon Thomson.
1914-1918 The Great War. Teaching in abeyance; staff and hospital part of the war effort. First scientific malaria survey of war carried out by S R Christophers and H E Shortt, modelled on Christophers' earlier malaria surveys in India.
1918-1919 The great influenza pandemic ('Spanish' flu).
1918-1920 The Hospital for Tropical Diseases and the London School of Tropical Medicine move to Endsleigh Gardens.
1919 Creation of Ministry of Health, Christopher Addison first Minister of Health, replaced in 1921 by Alfred Mond.
1919-1920 Preliminary moves by Rockefeller Foundation to explore possibilities for a School of Public Health in London.
1921 Topley and Greenwood begin collaboration on experimental epidemiology. Report of Athlone Committee on Tropical Diseases with observers from the Rockefeller Foundation, June; Alfred Mond as Minister of Health sets up committee to draft scheme for 'Institute of State Medicine' July. London University adopts the degree of Ph.D.
1922 A week before his death in April, Manson accepts Rockefeller proposals for School.
1923 In March the 'National Theatre Committee' accepts Rockefeller offer of £52,000 for Bloomsbury site on corner of Gower Street and Keppel Street. Andrew Balfour appointed Director of new School in October. Opening of Leiper's Institute of Agricultural Parasitology. Castellani and W J R Simpson launch appeal for 'Ross Clinic'.
1924 Charter for School of Hygiene given Royal approval. The SHS abdicates responsibility for Tropical School followed by plans for 'Imperial Hospital for Tropical Diseases'; project shelved in 1927, when SHS decided to cooperate and not to close down hospital in Endsleigh Gardens. School abandons original Diploma in Tropical Medicine and begins introducing London University Diploma of Bacteriology together with DPH (Engl.) and DTM&H (Engl.)

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1925 The Horton Malaria Centre for malaria therapy opens at Epsom (later the Malaria Reference Laboratory and WHO Regional Malaria Centre for Europe).
1926 P A Buxton succeeds A W Alcock in Department of Entomology; V B Wigglesworth appointed Lecturer in Medical Entomology; Ross Institute and Hospital for Tropical Diseases opens at Putney.
1926-1929 Building of new School (LSHTM) on Keppel Street site.
1927 J J C Buckley joins Leiper's department. On Lockwood Stevens' initiative Sir Malcolm Watson is brought in to conduct Ross Institute malaria control policy. Topley and Greenwood appointed to new chairs of bacteriology and epidemiology, respectively, at LSTHM.
1929 New LSHTM officially opened by Prince of Wales on 18 July. Wilson Jameson appointed Head of Division of Public Health. Balfour writes his last report before complete breakdown. Two main divisions replace Old Tropical School: Medical Zoology (helminthology, protozoology and entomology); and Clinical Tropical Medicine (remaining in Endsleigh Gardens). Harold Raistrick appointed University Professor and Director of Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry as Applied to Hygiene. Arrival at School of Neil Hamilton Fairley. Millais Culpin joins School as Lecturer in Industrial Psychology. G P Crowden appointed Lecturer in Applied Physiology. Development of School and Library Museum collections under Barnard and Newham respectively.
1930 G S Wilson appointed Professor of Bacteriology as Applied to Hygiene. Development of DPH course to include seminars and tutorials and closer links with Epidemiology and Medical Statistics.
1931 Balfour's frozen body found in grounds of Cassell Hospital, Kent, where, he was being treated for clinical depression, on January 30th; Wilson Jameson takes over as first Dean of LSHTM in January. S R Christophers joins the LSHTM as Professor of Malaria Studies in the University of London. Millais Culpin appointed University of London Professor of Medical Industrial Psychology at ASHTM. Death of W R Simpson.
1932 MRC Malaria Unit under S R Christophers established at LSHTM with Leverhulme grant. Death of Ronald Ross.
1933 Austin Bradford Hill appointed Reader at LSHTM
1934 Ross Institute moves under the umbrella of LSHTM, and its hospital becomes Ross Ward of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases.
1934-1939 Watson builds up the Ross Institute as its Director until retirement in 1942.
1935 Publication of first edition of Major Greenwood's Epidemics and Crowd Disease.
1935-1936 Reorganisation of teaching of epidemiology, with more emphasis on textbooks and informal discussions with seminars, less on formal lectures. MRC Special Report on experimental epidemiology by Topley, Greenwood, Bradford Hill and Joyce Wilson. Formation of Bacteriological Warfare Subcommittee of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Wigglesworth appointed London University Reader in Entomology at LSHTM.

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1937 Existing 'Divisions' become 'Departments' by decree of the Board of Management. Publication of first edition of Bradford Hill's Principles of Medical Statistics. J G Thomson dies in office; helminthology and protozoology united in new single large Department of Parasitology, with readership in medical parasitology for H E Shortt. George Macdonald appointed assistant director of Ross Institute.
1938 Report of the Emergency Bacteriological Services Subcommittee, chaired by Topley. LSHTM Annual Report emphasises preparation for war, including consideration of emergency shelters on agenda in Public Health.
1939-1945 World War II. All regular courses suspended; short intensive courses in tropical medicine and hygiene for Medical Officers about to serve in tropical areas. Bomb damage to Malet Street wing in May 1941: extensive damage to Museum's collections of teaching aids, but no personal injuries. Successive changes of Dean because of wartime commitments of Wilson Jameson and Brigadier Parkinson.
1941 Topley appointed Secretary to the ARC; G S Wilson becomes Director, EPHLS.
1944 Introduction of use of DDT. Formation of MRC's Human Nutrition Unit under B S Platt.
1944-1945 J M Mackintosh takes office as Professor of Public Health in October 1944, and as Dean in January 1945.
1945 V B Wigglesworth leaves for Cambridge with Research Unit of Insect Physiology. Greenwood retires as Emeritus Professor of Epidemiology and Vital Statistics; succeeded by Bradford Hill as Professor of Medical Statistics. Gradual return of staff from wartime appointments; EPHLS becomes PHLS.
1945-1946 Large numbers of ex-service men and women apply for DPH courses. Rockefeller Foundation offers fellowships for training 'hand-picked' students in Public Health Department. Growing collaborations with other Schools of University: Institute of Child Health, Hammersmith Postgraduate Medical School, LSE. Introduction of lectures on sociology and social medicine.
1946 Leiper retires, H E Shortt becomes Professor of Medical Protozoology and Director of Department. Neil Hamilton Fairley takes up newly created Wellcome Chair of Clinical Tropical Medicine. Creation of a Department of Human Nutrition at LSHTM with Platt in the country's first Chair of Human Nutrition and continuing as Head of MRC Unit until its closure in 1967.
1947 Graham Wilson leaves Department of Bacteriology for full-time Directorship of PHLS; succeeded by E T C Spooner in Topley's chair and as head of department. J C Cruickshank inherits Wilson's personal title and J T Duncan becomes Reader in Medical Mycology. George Macdonald appointed first Professor of Tropical Hygiene and Director of Ross Institute. J H F Brotherston appointed Lecturer in Preventive and Social Medicine in Department of Public Health; his arrival foreshadows developments in emerging 'medical sociology' and the growing impact of economics on Public Health.
1948 Introduction of National Health Service (NHS) 5 July, following the NHS Act of 1946 (NHS (Reorganisation) Act followed in 1973). Hamilton Fairley forced by illness to resign Wellcome Chair; Murgatroyd succeeds him but dies suddenly in December 1951. D D Reid becomes Reader in Epidemiology and Vital Statistics.
1949 M A Delafield retires and sub-department of 'Chemistry as Applied to Hygiene' disappears. Department of Medical Statistics re-titled Medical Statistics and Epidemiology.

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1950 Preliminary report by Doll and Hill on smoking and lung cancer. Bradford Hill fights, and wins, his case for his department to be classified as 'pre-clinical' rather than 'non-clinical'. Andrew Topping succeeds Mackintosh as first full-time Dean.
1951 The Hospital for Tropical Diseases moves to St Pancras Way. Establishment of 'Sub-Unit of Occupational Health' linked to Industrial Health Service at Slough.
1952 H E Shortt retires; P C C Garnham succeeds him. Publication of MRC Report on streptomycin in tuberculosis controlled clinical trial. Introduction of Applied Nutrition Research Unit, specialising in nutrition and food technology in colonial territories, funded by the Colonial Office and linked to the MRC's work in Gambia.
1953 Post-war revival of parasitology department's fieldwork at Winches Farm. M D Warren becomes tutor to foreign students, acting as counsellor in language and personal problems during their first term.
1954 End of the School's involvement in the MRC's Gambian projects.
1955 Buxton dies in office, succeeded by D S Bertram. Death of Andrew Topping; Bradford Hill 'acting' Dean, then Dean for two years.
1955-1956 Sub-Unit replaced by Rockefeller Unit of Occupational Health. R S F Schilling is Director of Unit and University Reader in Occupational Health.
1956 J M Mackintosh retires, succeeded in Public Health by W S Walton in Chair and Stuart Hinds as Reader. Rockefeller Foundation awards School £17,000 grant to investigate protein values of tropical dietaries. Retirement of Harold Raistrick, succeeded J H Birkinshaw.
1957 Sir James Kilpatrick appointed Dean.
1958 Geoffrey Rose joins epidemiology department: 'part-time' Reader 1964; 'Visiting Professor of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine 1970' 1970; Full Professor of Epidemiology 1977.
1959 Forrest Fulton appointed to Britain's first chair of Virology at LSHTM. Hospital Feeding Survey (Nuffield Provincial Hospitals' Trust) under T P Eddy introduced in the Department of Nutrition.
1960-1965 Major restructuring of facilities for library, teaching and research with support from the Wellcome Trust, the Wolfson Foundation and Marks and Spencer; new lectureships funded by Ministry of Overseas Development.
1960 Death of Sir James Kilpatrick; E T C Spooner becomes full-time Dean. With additional grants from the Rockefeller Foundation and the Leverhulme Trust Fund, the Rockefeller Unit of Occupational Health becomes a full department, with R S H Schilling as Professor. FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Nutrition endorses Platt's concept of 'marasmic kwashiorkor'; W R Aykroyd joins nutrition department as senior lecturer after retiring from FOA, and T P Eddy moves to nutrition (cf 1959) form Sierra Leone Medical Services.
1961 C E Gordon Smith appointed Reader in Virology. D G Evans takes over from Spooner in Bacteriology. Bradford Hill retires. Peter Armitage succeeds to his chair in Medical Statistics and D D Reid becomes Director of the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology. Richard Doll becomes Director of the MRC Statistical Research Unit.

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1962 Birkinshaw retires; 'Biochemistry' is absorbed into a number of other departments with 'biochemical needs' instead of a separate department. UNICEF provides money for special courses in applied nutrition work in developing countries.
1963 West block of Winches Farm restored; George Nelson begins to rebuild experimental helminthology at the Field Station, eventually to become WFL (Winches Farm Laboratories).
1964 LSHTM introduces Academic Postgraduate Diploma in Nutrition (becomes MSc course 1971-2). Hospital Feeding Survey published. London University confers title of Professor of Entomology as Applied to Hygiene on J R Busvine.
1965 William Brass joins the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology as Reader in Medical Demography (Professor 1972; Director, Centre for Overseas Population Studies, 1974-8; Head, Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology 1977-82, retired 1988).
1967 J J C Buckley retires, succeeded by George Nelson. Gerald Webbe joins Department of Helminthology and is appointed scientific Director of Winches Farm Field Station and eventually Sub-Dean. Walton retires and is succeeded by J N Morris who replaces existing staff with his MRC Social Medicine Research Unit. Only Sidney Chave and M D Warren remain, easing transition from DPH to MSc degree course in Social Medicine. MRC Human Nutrition Unit disbanded; staff transferred to LSHTM. Death of George Macdonald.
1967-1968 Reorganisation of Public Health Department, re-establishing links with LSE and bringing in R F L Logan to head Organisation of Medical Care Unit. Department also to include the Ministry of Health's Chronic Disease Control Unit and J H Renwick's Human Genetics Unit. Ongoing introduction of MSc degree courses to replace diploma courses: 1967-9 MSc in Medical Parasitology and MSc in Medical Statistics.
1968 Report of Todd Committee. TUC Centenary Institute of Occupational Health established with TUC funding. Schilling appointed to University Chair of Occupational Health. Department of Parasitology divided into Medical Helminthology at WFL under G S Nelson, and Medical Protozoology in Keppel Street under W H R Lumsden (following Garnham's retirement). Onchocerciasis research begins at WFL, while studies on the Brugia species, first separated out by Buckley, continued under David Denham at Keppel Street.
1969 First MSc degrees in Occupational Medicine. Morris introduces new 2-year MSc course in Social Medicine. Bruce-Chwatt appointed Professor of Tropical Hygiene and Director of the Ross Institute. Death of B S Platt. Wellcome Trust initiates international cooperative research programme between Harvard School of Public Health, LSTHM and South American tropical institutes.
1970 Tropical epidemiology formally incorporated in Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, with support from the Wellcome Trust. C E Gordon Smith becomes Dean. J C Waterlow succeeds Platt, and Wellcome Foundation provides £118,000 for new clinical and metabolic unit in the department. Public Health department acquires Professor of Social Psychiatry (J K Wing) jointly with the Institute of Psychiatry.
1970-1971 New MSc degrees in: Medical Demography; Occupational Hygiene; Social Medicine.
1971 D G Evans resigns from School and the Department of Bacteriology and Immunology becomes the Department of Microbiology (later of Medical Microbiology). New MSc in Human Nutrition.

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1972 Geoffrey Edsall succeeds Evans as Professor and Director of Department of Microbiology. Death of J J C Buckley. Roy Acheson appointed Professor and Director of new Centre for Extension Training in Community Medicine; discontinued in 1978 after Acheson's departure for Cambridge in 1976.
1973-1974 The MRC arbovirus research project at Kisumu, Kenya, moves its laboratory work, first housed at Porton Down, to new MRC laboratory at Winches Farm.
1974 Geoffrey Edsall resigns; succeeded by A J Zuckerman. David Bradley appointed Professor of Tropical Hygiene and Director of Ross Institute. Major review and initiation of modernisation in face of severe financial difficulties throughout British Universities.
1975 New MSc degrees in Clinical Tropical Medicine and Medical Microbiology (jointly with RPMS Hammersmith).
1976 Bertram and Busvine retire; W W McDonald succeeds to chair and as Head of Entomology. Retirement of R S F Schilling, succeeded by J C McDonald who then resigned after five years to return to McGill University, there to establish new School of Public Health.
1977 Death of Donald Reid; M J R Healy appointed to Chair of Medical Statistics. Introduction of Nutrition Policy Unit financed by Ministry of Overseas Development.
1978 DTPH course replaced by MSc degree course. J N Morris retires; M D Warren, Professor at Kent since 1971, reluctantly accepts Chair of Public Health but soon returns to Kent; Dame Rosemary Rue of Oxford Regional Health Authority bridges gap until 1982; two-year MSc course reverts to one year. Ross Institute creates Evaluation and Planning Centre for Health Care with ODA support.
1979-1980 Introduction of MSc degree course in 'Epidemiology in Developing Countries'. School's Arbovirus Research Unit revived under M G R Varma, Professor of Medical Entomology. Retirement of W H R Lumsden from Medical Protozoology; succeeded by Wallace Peters moving from Walter Myers Chair at Liverpool, leaving Helminthology at LSHTM; W W McDonald leaves LSHTM after only three years form Chair of Medical Entomology at Liverpool.
1980 Major reorganisation of the School, grouping existing 13 departments in three major Divisions. 'Microbiology' becomes 'Medical Microbiology'; B S Drasar becomes Reader in Bacteriology jointly with Department of Tropical Hygiene. Title of Professor of Entomology as Applied to Hygiene conferred on George Davidson, who moved from Ross Institute to Entomology as caretaker Director, retiring two years later. Introduction of MSc degrees in 'Community Medicine and Epidemiology'.
1981 Title of Professor of Immunology conferred on M W Steward (Reader from 1977). Refugee Health Groups within Ross/Tropical Hygiene funded by Edna McConnell Clark Foundation.
1982 J C Waterlow retires as Professor of Human Nutrition; post frozen until 1993. Philip Payne, Reader in Applied Nutrition becomes head of department, and Famine Research Unit is established in association with International Disaster Institute. M G R Varma appointed joint Head of Entomology and the Arbovirus Unit. Restructuring of departments brings Patrick Hamilton back from Caribbean as Director of Community Health.

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1983 G A T Targett appointed Professor of Immunology of Protozoal Diseases (becomes Head of Department of Medical Parasitology in 1988).
1984 Keith P W J McAdam appointed to Wellcome Chair of Tropical Medicine and Consultant at HTD (Head of Department of Clinical Sciences 1988-94).
1986 Creation of academic initiative post for specialist in insect behaviour, with links to Imperial College and Birkbeck College. Board of Management sets up working party under Sir John Reid to recommend plans for another restructuring of the School.
1987 Richard Feachem appointed Professor of Tropical Environmental Health. Professional Titles conferred: P R Payne, Applied Nutrition; J P Vaughan, Health Care Epidemiology.
1988 Death of Patrick Hamilton and D S Bertram.
1989 P G Smith appointed Professor of Tropical Epidemiology (Head of Department of Epidemiology & Population Sciences from 1990). George Kazantis retires from Chair of Occupational Health; Occupational Health ceases to be separate department. A J Zuckerman leaves School to be Dean of Royal Free HMS. B S Drasar awarded personal Chair in Bacteriology, and heads Bacterial Molecular Genetics Unit. Michael Healey retires from Chair of Medical Statistics, succeeded by Stuart Pocock. Philip Payne resigns. Death of Bruce-Chwatt. Wallace Peters retires from Chair of Medical Protozoology; eventually succeeded by M A Miles in a personal chair under the new policy of awarding personal chairs on merit, rather than filling original established chairs.
1988-1990

Gordon Smith retires as Dean in September 1989 having supervised initial moves in final restructuring of LSHTM for the 1990s as recommended in the Reid Report, and followed up by new Dean, Richard Feachem.
Four new large departments formed by merging disciplines:
Department of Clinical Sciences now includes tropical medicine, medical microbiology, clinical nutrition, and tropical pathology.
Department of Epidemiology and Population Sciences now includes epidemiology, statistics, medical demography, tropical public health, and preventive teratology.
Department of Medical Parasitology now includes medical entomology, medical helminthology, and medical protozoology.
Department of Public Health and Policy now includes community medicine, occupational medicine and hygiene, health service planning and evaluation, and nutrition policy; Chair in Community Health to be replaced by Chairs in Health Policy and Public Health Epidemiology.

1990 A H Fairlamb appointed Professor of Molecular Parasitology. Dorothy Crawford joins Department of Clinical Sciences as Professor of Microbiology, heading the Cellular and Molecular Virology Unit. Klim McPherson appointed to Chair of Public Health Epidemiology. Ruth McWilliam retires as Secretary of the School, succeeded by B K Gooch.
1991 April: First Annual Public Health Form: Malaria - Waiting for the Vaccine (additional sponsors WHO, ODA, World Bank, Swiss Tropical Institute). Charles Normand appointed to Chair in Health Policy. Retirement of G A Rose and of M G R Varma.
1992 April: Second Annual Public Health Forum: Europe Without Frontiers - The Implications for Health. LSHTM introduces No Smoking Policy. New Chairs: John Cleland (Medical Demography); C F Curtis (Medical Entomology); M A Miles (Medical Protozoology). Deaths of: A W Woodruff; T P Eddy; and Erica Wheeler. Closure of Winches Farm.

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1993 April: Third Annual Public Health Forum: Tuberculosis - Back to the Future. Formation of 'UK Malaria Consortium' jointly with the Liverpool School and ODA funded. Retirement of Gerald Webbe. Alumni Reunions, attended by staff members, in Kuala Lumpur and Thailand.
1994 April: Fourth Annual Public Health Forum: Vaccination and World Health. First Science Open Day for sixth formers at the School. New personal chairs: Nick Black (Health Services Research); Betty Kirkwood (Epidemiology and International Health); Anne Mills (Health Economics and Policy). Paul Fine (Head, Communicable Disease Epidemiology Unit) opens first Annual Pump Handle Lecture of new John Snow Society. Death of Sir John Reid, chair of the Board of Management since 1989. Death of P C C Garnham.
1995 April: Fifth Annual Public Health Forum: Health at the Crossroads - Transport Policy and Urban Health. R Feachem resigns as Dean to become head of new public health department at the World Bank in Washington. B S Drasar Acting Dean; Keith McAdam, on secondment as Wellcome Professor of Tropical Medicine, becomes Director of MRC Laboratories in The Gambia, replacing Brian Greenwood who after 15 years in The Gambia is awarded a personal chair in the Department of Medical Parasitology. Other new personal chairs: A Bryceson (Tropical Medicine); R Hayes (Epidemiology and International Health); Harrison Spencer, Dean (Public Health); A J Swerdlow (Epidemiology). Death of E T C Spooner and of J D Gillett.
1996 Professor Harrison Spencer takes office as Dean. April: Sixth Annual Public Health Forum: Diet, Nutrition and Chronic Disease. Drasar Committee on Restructuring. George McDonald Medal awarded jointly to D J Bradley and C F Curtis.
1997 April: Seventh Annual Public Health Forum: New and resurgent infections: prediction, detection and management of tomorrow's epidemics. Personal chairs conferred on M McKee (European Public Health) and K de Cock (Medicine and International Health) .
1997-1998 Implementation of Drasar Committee Report. LSHTM now reorganised into three departments: Epidemiology and Population Health; Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Public Health and Policy.
1998 April: Eighth Annual Public Health Forum: Reforming Health Sectors. New chairs: C Kendall (Medical Anthropology and International Health); V Berridge (History); E Riley (Immunology of Infectious Diseases).
1999

The School celebrates its centenary year. April: Ninth Annual Public Health Forum: Poverty, Inequality and Health. New chairs: A Fletcher (Epidemiology and Ageing); P Kaye (Cellular Immunology); M Kenward (SmithKline Beecham Professor of Biostatistics); N Noah (Public Health); J Peto (Cancer Research Campaign Professor of Cancer Epidemiology); D Warhurst (Protozoan Chemotherapy); B Wren (Microbial Pathogenesis).

2000 The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation awards the School US$40 million for a major programme of work on malaria. Creation of the Centre on Globalization, Environmental Change and Health. New chairs: J Ackers (Professor of Postgraduate Education in Public Health); A Cairncross (Professor of Environmental Health); F Cutts (Professor of Epidemiology and International Health); A Hall (Professor of Infectious Disease Epidemiology); D Leon (Professor of Epidemiology). Professor Geoffrey Targett appointed as Acting Dean.
2001

Professor Andrew Haines appointed as Dean. Award of £4.8 million from the Science Research Investment Fund, Higher Education Funding Council for England. Gates Malaria Programme launched under direction of Professor Brian Greenwood. New chairs: H Dockrell (Professor of Immunology); A Hill (Professor of Community Nutrition); I Roberts (Professor of Epidemiology and Population Health) G Walt (Professor of International Health Policy).School embarked on a programme of commissioning new art works.

Used with kind permission of Lise Wilkinson and Anne Hardy, Prevention and Cure. The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. A 20th Century Quest for Global Public Health. 2001. Kegan Paul, London.

Information for years 2000 onwards added by Victoria Killick, Archivist.

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